Does typing on a keyboard cause carpal tunnel syndrome?

The evidence is weaker than the popular belief. Sustained gripping, repetitive flexion, and exposure to vibration are more strongly linked than ordinary keyboard typing. Occupations like assembly-line work, plumbing, and tile-laying carry higher risk than office desk work.

How long should I trial conservative treatment before considering surgery?

Most guidelines suggest a structured 4 to 12-week trial of splinting and physio. Earlier surgical referral is reasonable in patients with motor signs (thenar atrophy, weakness) because waiting risks incomplete recovery.

Can carpal tunnel syndrome resolve on its own?

Mild CTS, especially when triggered by a transient cause like pregnancy, can settle without intervention as the underlying driver resolves. Established disease with motor signs rarely resolves spontaneously.

Why does my hand feel worse at night?

Wrist flexion during sleep raises pressure inside the carpal tunnel. Most patients sleep with the wrist gently flexed for hours, which compresses the median nerve. A neutral night splint usually settles this within a week or two.

What are the first signs of carpal tunnel syndrome?

The earliest signs are intermittent tingling or numbness in the thumb, index, middle, and the thumb-side half of the ring finger, often felt at night or after sustained gripping. The little finger is spared because it is supplied by the ulnar nerve. Many patients describe waking at 2 or 3 a.m. with a numb or burning hand and shaking it out for relief, the flick sign. Motor symptoms (weakness, thumb clumsiness) appear later in the course.

How do I know if I have carpal tunnel or just a pinched nerve in my neck?

Sensory distribution and palm involvement are the main clues. Carpal tunnel syndrome spares the central palm (the palmar cutaneous branch escapes the tunnel proximally) and affects only the thumb, index, middle, and the thumb-side half of the ring finger. Cervical radiculopathy at C6 or C7 typically also affects the palm, has neck pain or stiffness, and may be reproduced by Spurling test or neck movement. Both can coexist (double-crush phenomenon), so any hand symptoms warrant cervical screening alongside wrist examination.

Will carpal tunnel get worse if I ignore it?

Established carpal tunnel syndrome with motor signs (thenar weakness, atrophy) rarely improves on its own and tends to progress. Mild intermittent symptoms with no motor involvement may stabilise for years or remit if a transient driver (pregnancy, weight gain, hypothyroidism) resolves. The watch-and-wait approach is reasonable for mild sensory-only symptoms while you trial night splinting; persistent or progressive symptoms, and especially any muscle wasting, are reasons to seek assessment without further delay.

What is the best exercise for carpal tunnel?

Two exercises have the strongest evidence base: six-position tendon glides (cycle the hand through straight, hook fist, full fist, table-top, and straight fist positions for 10 cycles, 2-3 times daily) and median nerve glides (progressive elbow-wrist-thumb extension). Stop nerve glides immediately if they provoke tingling, that means the dose is too high. Combine with a neutral wrist splint at night for the best results, the Page 2012 Cochrane review supports this as the standard conservative starting point.

What anatomical structure forms the volar boundary of the carpal tunnel?

Transverse carpal ligament (flexor retinaculum).

What structures accompany the median nerve through the carpal tunnel?

Nine extrinsic finger flexor tendons.

What classic nocturnal symptom behavior is highly indicative of CTS?

Waking with numbness/pain and vigorously flicking the wrist for relief (Flick sign).

Which specific intrinsic hand muscles weaken and atrophy in late-stage CTS?

Thenar muscles and the first two lumbricals

What two forearm conditions must be differentiated from CTS because they also cause median nerve symptoms?

Pronator syndrome and anterior interosseous nerve syndrome (AINS).

What three combinations of wrist motions are considered the most mechanically aggravating for CTS?

Sustained flexion, ulnar deviation, and repetitive flexion/extension combined with gripping.

What is the initial non-operative splinting angle for CTS?

Neutral (0 degrees) to minimize internal carpal tunnel pressure.

Which hand joints require manual mobilization if restricted in a patient with CTS?

Carpal bones (to increase carpal tunnel space).

What is the primary physiological goal of performing tendon-gliding exercises in CTS?

To promote mobility of the extrinsic tendons and prevent adhesion formation.

What is the strict precaution when progressing through median nerve gliding positions?

Stop progressing the moment symptoms (e.g., tingling) are provoked; do not push through nerve pain.

What is the only type of resistance exercise permitted in the initial early stages of CTS rehab?

Gentle multiple-angle muscle-setting (isometric) exercises.

What specific active wrist motion must be strictly avoided during the early post-op phase of a CTS release?

Active wrist flexion past neutral (prevents flexor tendon bowstringing).

For how long post-operatively must a patient avoid active wrist flexion past neutral?

For the first 10 days (and up to 3 weeks for extreme caution).

Are the fingers immobilized during the initial 7-10 days after a carpal tunnel release?

No, fingers are left free to move to prevent tendon adhesions.

What is 'pillar pain' following CTS surgery?

Pain in the thenar and hypothenar eminences caused by the surgical release and flattening of the palmar arch.

What physiological change explains the temporary decrease in grip and pinch strength immediately after CTS surgery?

Altered length-tension relationship of the thenar muscles due to the transection of their anchor point (transverse carpal ligament).

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Physiotherapy Guide, Tests, and Exercises

Overview

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common peripheral compressive neuropathy in clinical practice, accounting for roughly 90% of all entrapment neuropathies seen in outpatient physiotherapy.

This guide walks through the anatomy of the carpal tunnel, how the median nerve becomes compressed, how the syndrome presents on the ward and in clinic, and how physiotherapists assess and manage it conservatively and after surgical release. It also covers the carpal tunnel exercises and stretches most commonly prescribed at the conservative stage. Written for physiotherapy students preparing for OSCEs and for clinicians revising upper-limb assessment.

Anatomy of the carpal tunnel

The carpal tunnel is a narrow osseofibrous canal at the volar wrist. Its dorsal floor is formed by the carpal bones — arranged in a concave arch — and its volar roof by the transverse carpal ligament, also called the flexor retinaculum. Together these structures define a small, fixed-volume space through which ten structures must pass.

Nine of those structures are extrinsic finger flexor tendons: four flexor digitorum superficialis tendons, four flexor digitorum profundus tendons, and the flexor pollicis longus. The tenth is the median nerve, which lies superficial to the flexors and just deep to the retinaculum. Because canal volume is essentially fixed by the surrounding bones and ligament, any rise in tunnel pressure compresses the lowest pressure-tolerance structure inside it — the nerve.

One anatomical detail dominates the clinical picture: the palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve arises proximal to the carpal tunnel and runs superficial to the flexor retinaculum, never entering the tunnel itself. This branch supplies the central palm. As a result, sensory loss in CTS classically affects the digits but spares the palm, a useful examination clue when the picture is ambiguous.

How carpal tunnel syndrome develops

Median nerve compression in the tunnel is the final common pathway for several mechanisms. Anything that raises tunnel pressure or reduces tunnel volume can drive it: synovial hypertrophy of the flexor sheath (most common in chronic repetitive use), fluid retention (pregnancy, hypothyroidism), space-occupying lesions, or wrist fractures and dislocations that distort the canal.

A second mechanism is the so-called double-crush phenomenon, first described by Upton and McComas. Proximal nerve irritation, for example from cervical radiculopathy at C6 or C7, reduces axoplasmic flow and lowers the threshold for symptomatic compression at a more distal site. A patient with subclinical cervical disc disease may therefore declare CTS at the wrist long before the wrist itself is the dominant problem, and clinicians who only examine the wrist will miss the proximal driver.

Clinical features and presentation

Sensory symptoms appear first. Patients describe tingling, burning, or numbness in the thumb, index, middle, and the radial half of the ring finger. Symptoms are typically worst at night because flexed wrist postures during sleep raise tunnel pressure. The classic patient wakes at two or three in the morning with a dead, tingling hand and flicks the wrist vigorously to restore feeling — the so-called Flick sign, one of the more specific clinical features for CTS.

As the condition progresses, motor symptoms emerge. The recurrent motor branch of the median nerve supplies the thenar muscles (abductor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis, and the superficial head of flexor pollicis brevis) and the first two lumbricals. Weakness presents as difficulty with opposition and a dropped grip. In severe, long-standing cases, thenar atrophy is visible — the eminence flattens out and the thumb rests in the plane of the palm rather than abducted in front of it. This end-stage presentation is the ape-hand deformity.

Functionally, fine prehension grips suffer first because they require the most discriminative sensation and the most precise thenar control. Tip-to-tip and tip-to-pad grips deteriorate before power grip does. Patients describe dropping small objects, struggling with buttons, or being unable to open jars they used to manage easily.

Examination and provocation tests

Bedside examination of suspected CTS rests on three classic provocation tests alongside a focused neurological examination of the upper limb. None of the tests is diagnostic on its own; the clinical picture, examination pattern, and (when available) nerve conduction studies make the diagnosis together.

In this sectionTinel’s signPhalen’s testTwo-point discrimination

Tinel’s sign

Tap firmly over the median nerve at the volar wrist crease, just radial to palmaris longus. Reproduction of paraesthesiae in the median distribution is positive. Tinel’s is sensitive but not highly specific — many median nerves are mildly mechanosensitive, and the test can produce a positive result without true CTS.

Phalen’s test

Have the patient hold the wrist in maximal flexion for sixty seconds. Reproduction of paraesthesiae or numbness in the median distribution is positive. The test relies on the fact that wrist flexion sharply raises pressure inside the tunnel.

Two-point discrimination

Two-point discrimination quantifies the loss of fine sensory acuity. It is more useful for tracking change over time than for making the initial diagnosis, but a two-point threshold above six millimetres in the median distribution suggests significant nerve dysfunction.

Test	Sens.	Spec.	Best use
Tinel’s sign	~50%	~75%	Quick bedside screen
Phalen’s test	~65%	~75%	Quick screen, can miss severe cases
Carpal compression	~65%	~80%	Often more discriminative than Tinel/Phalen
Two-point discrimination	~30%	~95%	Tracking change, not initial diagnosis

Approximate sensitivity and specificity of CTS provocation tests, pooled across systematic reviews. Numbers vary widely between studies, use the table as a frame, not a rule.

Differential diagnosis

Three differentials must be excluded in any patient referred with "carpal tunnel syndrome":

Pronator syndrome. Compression of the median nerve in the proximal forearm between the heads of pronator teres. Symptoms overlap with CTS but include forearm pain on resisted pronation and tenderness over the proximal forearm rather than the wrist. Crucially, the palm is involved because the palmar cutaneous branch is downstream of the compression.

Anterior interosseous nerve syndrome (AINS). A pure motor branch of the median nerve below the elbow. Patients cannot make an OK sign because flexor pollicis longus and the radial half of flexor digitorum profundus are weak. There are no sensory symptoms.

Cervical radiculopathy. C6 and C7 radiculopathies refer pain and paraesthesiae down the upper limb in patterns that overlap with CTS. Spurling’s test, neck range, and a careful dermatomal/myotomal examination distinguish them. Remember the double-crush mechanism — cervical and wrist pathology can coexist.

Conservative physiotherapy management

Most CTS responds to non-operative management, particularly in early disease. The aim is to lower internal carpal tunnel pressure, mobilise structures that have become adherent, and restore symptom-free function.

In this sectionSplintingTendon-gliding exercisesMedian nerve glidingCarpal bone mobilisationStrength

Splinting

A neutral wrist splint — zero degrees of flexion or extension — minimises internal carpal tunnel pressure and is the single conservative intervention with the strongest Cochrane support at four weeks. It is worn at night routinely and during symptomatic activities during the day. Avoid splinting in any flexion; even modest flexion sharply raises tunnel pressure.

Tendon-gliding exercises

Tendon-gliding exercises take the extrinsic flexors through their full excursion in differential ways: straight, hook, fist, table-top, and straight-fist positions. The goal is to promote independent tendon excursion and prevent adhesions inside the tunnel from limiting glide.

Median nerve gliding

Nerve gliding mobilises the median nerve through its envelope. Progressions move from gentle short-amplitude glides to longer-amplitude tensioners. The strict precaution is that nerve symptoms (tingling, electric sensation) must not be pushed through. Provoked symptoms are a stop signal — pushing on increases inflammation and makes the condition worse.

Carpal bone mobilisation

When carpal mobility is restricted, manual mobilisation of the carpal bones (especially the lunate and capitate) can improve tunnel volume. The grades of movement and clinical reasoning are covered in peripheral joint mobilization: clinical essentials.

Strength

During the irritable early phase, only gentle multiple-angle isometric muscle setting is permitted. Progressive resistance is introduced once nerve symptoms have settled and range is full and pain-free.

Carpal tunnel exercises and self-management

These are the carpal tunnel exercises and stretches most commonly prescribed at the conservative stage. They do not replace clinical assessment, but they are appropriate as early home management while a patient waits for a physiotherapy appointment, and they match what most physios teach on the first visit.

In this sectionSix-position tendon glidesMedian nerve glidesWrist flexor and extensor stretchesSleep posture and night splintingWorkspace setup and daily activities

Six-position tendon glides

Cycle the fingers slowly through five hand positions: straight, hook fist, full fist, table-top, straight fist, then back to straight. Hold each position for two to three seconds. Aim for ten cycles, two to three times a day. The exercise mobilises the nine flexor tendons inside the tunnel and is the single most evidence-supported home routine for early CTS.

Median nerve glides

Begin with the elbow bent and fingers in a fist. Slowly straighten the fingers, then add wrist extension, then thumb extension, then elbow extension as tolerated. Pause when you feel a gentle stretch with no electrical tingling. Repeat 10 to 15 times, two to three times a day. Stop if symptoms (tingling, electric sensation) appear during the glide. Provoked symptoms mean the dose is too high; reduce range, slow the movement, and reduce reps before progressing.

Wrist flexor and extensor stretches

With the elbow extended, gently pull the fingers back into wrist extension to stretch the flexor mass; hold 20 to 30 seconds. Repeat with the wrist passively flexed to stretch the extensors. These do not directly target the median nerve but reduce tension in the structures that share the carpal canal and forearm compartment.

Sleep posture and night splinting

Wear a neutral wrist splint at night. The single most effective habit change is preventing the wrist from drifting into sustained flexion during sleep, which is what drives the classic 2 a.m. wake-up with a numb hand. Most patients see noticeable improvement within one to two weeks of consistent night splint use.

Workspace setup and daily activities

Keep the wrist in a neutral or very slightly extended position when typing or using a mouse. Take micro-breaks every 20 to 30 minutes. Avoid sustained gripping postures (tools, steering wheel) where possible. Vibration exposure is a stronger occupational driver than ordinary keyboard use, so plumbers, mechanics, and assembly-line workers should be advised to rotate tasks where feasible.

Surgical release and post-operative rehabilitation

In this sectionEarly post-operative phasePillar painGrip and pinch strengthSensory recovery

Surgical release is reserved for cases that have failed an adequate trial of conservative management or that present with motor signs (thenar weakness, atrophy). The procedure is decompression of the canal by transection of the transverse carpal ligament, performed open or endoscopically.

Early post-operative phase

The major biomechanical risk after release is bowstringing of the extrinsic flexor tendons at the wrist, because the retinaculum that anchored them volarly has been cut. To prevent this, active wrist flexion past neutral must be avoided for the first ten days post-op, and up to three weeks in cases of extreme caution. The fingers, critically, are left free to move from day one to prevent tendon adhesions.

Pillar pain

Pillar pain is a well-described but poorly understood phenomenon: pain in the thenar and hypothenar eminences after release, thought to relate to flattening of the palmar arch when the retinaculum is cut. It typically resolves over three to six months and should be communicated as expected, not pathological.

Grip and pinch strength

A temporary fall in grip and pinch strength immediately post-op is normal because transection of the retinaculum alters the length-tension relationship of the thenar muscles whose anchor it provided. Strength typically returns over three to six months as the muscles adapt.

Sensory recovery

Sensory modalities return in a predictable order as the median nerve recovers: light touch first, then sharp/dull discrimination, then two-point discrimination. Severe long-standing pre-operative compression carries a higher risk of incomplete sensory recovery.

I think I have carpal tunnel, what should I do?

If you are a patient who suspects carpal tunnel syndrome rather than a clinician, this section is the short version. The provocation tests above are designed for trained physiotherapists, but a few patterns are worth recognising before booking an appointment.

Signs that point to carpal tunnel syndrome: tingling or numbness in the thumb, index, middle, and the thumb-side half of the ring finger (the little finger is spared); symptoms worst at night, often waking you at 2 or 3 a.m. with a numb or dead hand; relief when you shake the hand out (the “flick” sign); and difficulty with fine grip tasks (buttons, jar lids, picking up small objects). The palm itself is usually NOT numb, the numbness is in the fingers.

Things you can try at home: wear a neutral wrist splint at night (available cheap at most pharmacies, no prescription needed); take micro-breaks from sustained gripping and typing; do the tendon-glide and median nerve-glide exercises in the section above. Stop any nerve glide if it provokes tingling, that means the dose is too high.

Things you should NOT do: avoid sleeping with the wrist curled tightly under your pillow or chin (this is what drives the 2 a.m. wake-up). Avoid sustained heavy gripping. Avoid pushing through tingling during exercises, it makes the nerve irritation worse.

When to see a clinician promptly: if the numbness is constant rather than intermittent; if you have visible wasting of the muscle at the base of the thumb (the thenar eminence appears flattened); if you cannot make an OK sign with thumb and index; if the symptoms have lasted more than 4-6 weeks despite night splinting; or if symptoms are spreading or worsening despite home management. Muscle wasting is a warning sign that the nerve compression is advanced and waiting risks incomplete recovery.

The honest answer about “self-diagnosis”: the symptom pattern above is suggestive but not definitive, several other conditions (cervical radiculopathy, pronator syndrome, diabetic neuropathy) mimic CTS. A trained physiotherapist or GP can run the provocation tests safely and, if needed, refer for nerve conduction studies which are the gold-standard diagnostic.

Common questions

Real questions students and clinicians ask.

Does typing on a keyboard cause carpal tunnel syndrome?: AThe evidence is weaker than the popular belief. Sustained gripping, repetitive flexion, and exposure to vibration are more strongly linked than ordinary keyboard typing. Occupations like assembly-line work, plumbing, and tile-laying carry higher risk than office desk work.
How long should I trial conservative treatment before considering surgery?: AMost guidelines suggest a structured 4 to 12-week trial of splinting and physio. Earlier surgical referral is reasonable in patients with motor signs (thenar atrophy, weakness) because waiting risks incomplete recovery.
Can carpal tunnel syndrome resolve on its own?: AMild CTS, especially when triggered by a transient cause like pregnancy, can settle without intervention as the underlying driver resolves. Established disease with motor signs rarely resolves spontaneously.
Why does my hand feel worse at night?: AWrist flexion during sleep raises pressure inside the carpal tunnel. Most patients sleep with the wrist gently flexed for hours, which compresses the median nerve. A neutral night splint usually settles this within a week or two.
What are the first signs of carpal tunnel syndrome?: AThe earliest signs are intermittent tingling or numbness in the thumb, index, middle, and the thumb-side half of the ring finger, often felt at night or after sustained gripping. The little finger is spared because it is supplied by the ulnar nerve. Many patients describe waking at 2 or 3 a.m. with a numb or burning hand and shaking it out for relief, the flick sign. Motor symptoms (weakness, thumb clumsiness) appear later in the course.
How do I know if I have carpal tunnel or just a pinched nerve in my neck?: ASensory distribution and palm involvement are the main clues. Carpal tunnel syndrome spares the central palm (the palmar cutaneous branch escapes the tunnel proximally) and affects only the thumb, index, middle, and the thumb-side half of the ring finger. Cervical radiculopathy at C6 or C7 typically also affects the palm, has neck pain or stiffness, and may be reproduced by Spurling test or neck movement. Both can coexist (double-crush phenomenon), so any hand symptoms warrant cervical screening alongside wrist examination.
Will carpal tunnel get worse if I ignore it?: AEstablished carpal tunnel syndrome with motor signs (thenar weakness, atrophy) rarely improves on its own and tends to progress. Mild intermittent symptoms with no motor involvement may stabilise for years or remit if a transient driver (pregnancy, weight gain, hypothyroidism) resolves. The watch-and-wait approach is reasonable for mild sensory-only symptoms while you trial night splinting; persistent or progressive symptoms, and especially any muscle wasting, are reasons to seek assessment without further delay.
What is the best exercise for carpal tunnel?: ATwo exercises have the strongest evidence base: six-position tendon glides (cycle the hand through straight, hook fist, full fist, table-top, and straight fist positions for 10 cycles, 2-3 times daily) and median nerve glides (progressive elbow-wrist-thumb extension). Stop nerve glides immediately if they provoke tingling, that means the dose is too high. Combine with a neutral wrist splint at night for the best results, the Page 2012 Cochrane review supports this as the standard conservative starting point.

Test yourself

Quick reference

The 32 questions below mirror our flashcard deck. Read them as a self-check, or open the deck for full spaced-repetition study.

What anatomical structure forms the dorsal boundary of the carpal tunnel?: ACarpal bones.
What anatomical structure forms the volar boundary of the carpal tunnel?: ATransverse carpal ligament (flexor retinaculum).
Which specific nerve is compressed in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS)?: AMedian nerve.
What structures accompany the median nerve through the carpal tunnel?: ANine extrinsic finger flexor tendons.
Why is the palm of the hand usually spared from sensory loss in CTS?: AThe palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve arises proximal to the carpal tunnel.
What classic nocturnal symptom behavior is highly indicative of CTS?: AWaking with numbness/pain and vigorously flicking the wrist for relief (Flick sign).
Which specific intrinsic hand muscles weaken and atrophy in late-stage CTS?: AThenar muscles and the first two lumbricals
What visible hand deformity is caused by severe median nerve compression and thenar atrophy?: AApe hand deformity.
Which intrinsic muscle of the thumb often develops tightness in CTS due to opposing muscle weakness?: AAdductor pollicis.
What systemic condition involving transient water retention is a common non-traumatic cause of CTS?: APregnancy.
What provocation test involves tapping the median nerve at the volar wrist?: ATinel's sign.
What provocation test involves sustained maximal wrist flexion to compress the median nerve?: APhalen's test.
What sensory test is typically used to quantify discriminative sensation loss in CTS?: ATwo-point discrimination test.
What two forearm conditions must be differentiated from CTS because they also cause median nerve symptoms?: APronator syndrome and anterior interosseous nerve syndrome (AINS).
What mechanism explains why proximal nerve irritation (e.g., cervical radiculopathy) increases susceptibility to distal compression?: ADouble crush syndrome.
What three combinations of wrist motions are considered the most mechanically aggravating for CTS?: ASustained flexion, ulnar deviation, and repetitive flexion/extension combined with gripping.
What functional prehension grips are most impaired in CTS due to loss of fine neuromuscular control?: ATip-to-tip and tip-to-pad grips
What is the initial non-operative splinting angle for CTS?: ANeutral (0 degrees) to minimize internal carpal tunnel pressure.
Which hand joints require manual mobilization if restricted in a patient with CTS?: ACarpal bones (to increase carpal tunnel space).
What is the primary physiological goal of performing tendon-gliding exercises in CTS?: ATo promote mobility of the extrinsic tendons and prevent adhesion formation.
What is the strict precaution when progressing through median nerve gliding positions?: AStop progressing the moment symptoms (e.g., tingling) are provoked; do not push through nerve pain.
What is the only type of resistance exercise permitted in the initial early stages of CTS rehab?: AGentle multiple-angle muscle-setting (isometric) exercises.
What conservative intervention is most strongly supported by Cochrane reviews for alleviating CTS symptoms at 4 weeks?: AA hand brace (splint).
What anatomical structure is surgically transected to decompress the carpal tunnel?: ATransverse carpal ligament.
What biomechanical complication is a primary risk immediately following surgical release of the flexor retinaculum?: ABowstringing of the extrinsic flexor tendons at the wrist.
What specific active wrist motion must be strictly avoided during the early post-op phase of a CTS release?: AActive wrist flexion past neutral (prevents flexor tendon bowstringing).
For how long post-operatively must a patient avoid active wrist flexion past neutral?: AFor the first 10 days (and up to 3 weeks for extreme caution).
Are the fingers immobilized during the initial 7-10 days after a carpal tunnel release?: ANo, fingers are left free to move to prevent tendon adhesions.
What is 'pillar pain' following CTS surgery?: APain in the thenar and hypothenar eminences caused by the surgical release and flattening of the palmar arch.
What is the expected timeline for the resolution of 'pillar pain' and post-op grip weakness?: A3 to 6 months
What physiological change explains the temporary decrease in grip and pinch strength immediately after CTS surgery?: AAltered length-tension relationship of the thenar muscles due to the transection of their anchor point (transverse carpal ligament).
Which sensory modality typically returns first as neurological symptoms resolve post-surgery?: ALight touch.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome:A Physiotherapist’s Clinical Guide