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Active Range of Motion (AROM) of the Ankle and Foot

Source: Physiotutors

Execution

  1. 1Position the patient first in weight bearing and then in non-weight-bearing as needed for comparison.
  2. 2Ask the patient to actively plantarflex, dorsiflex, invert or supinate, evert or pronate, extend the toes, and flex the toes.
  3. 3Test painful movements last and compare both sides for range, pain, quality, speed, and substitution.
  4. 4Observe weight-bearing heel inversion with plantarflexion and foot control during heel standing, toe standing, supination, and pronation.
  5. 5Add combined, sustained, or repeated movements when the history suggests activity-related symptoms.

Positive outcome

Abnormal findings: pain, loss of range, guarding, substitution, instability, or side-to-side asymmetry.

Expected range
  • Dorsiflexion ~20°
  • Plantarflexion ~50°
  • Subtalar inversion ~20°
  • Subtalar eversion ~10°
Clinical pearl

Magee lists broader supination/pronation ranges for the whole foot. Failure of heel inversion during weight-bearing plantarflexion may suggest instability or tibialis posterior dysfunction. Deformity or control deficits may appear only under load, so test in both weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing.

CommentMagee emphasizes testing ankle and foot motion in both weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing because deformity or control deficits may appear only under load. This is a baseline movement-quality screen, not a diagnostic test for one pathology. Use it to identify the comparable sign before PROM, resisted testing, ligament testing, or functional measures.

Low Clinical Value

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